• Introduction Cognitive impairment is a core

  2019-07-16

  

  Introduction Cognitive impairment is a core, stable feature of schizophrenia that limits patient functioning and well-being (Keefe and Harvey, 2012) and associates with poor functional outcome (Fervaha et al., 2014, Kontaxaki et al., 2014). Studies also indicate that cognitive deficits occur prior

• br Introduction Identification and correct storage of semina

  2019-07-16

  

  Introduction Identification and correct storage of seminal stains are crucial for the investigation of sexual assault cases. Actually, undetected ‘cold’ cases involving sexual assault can be solved decades after investigations analysing DNA from stored evidences [1]. Recently, STR analysis and th

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2019-07-15

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction The intestinal mucosal barrier surface is constantly exposed to food antigens, beneficial microbes, pathogens, and a multitude of other environmental stimuli (Turner, 2009). Innate lymphoid microtubule inhibitor (

• tyrosine kinase TRAF and TRAF were initially identified as t

  2019-07-15

  

  TRAF1 and TRAF2 were initially identified as tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNRF2)-associated components, TRAF4 was overexpressed in breast carcinoma cells, whereas TRAF3, TRAF5 and TRAF6 were discovered by their interaction with specific domains in the cytoplasmic tails of trans-membrane recepto

• BRCC is the catalytic subunit responsible for

  2019-07-15

  

  BRCC36 is the catalytic subunit responsible for the majority of K63-Ub-specific DUB activity in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus as part of two distinct macromolecular assemblies characterized by the presence of either of the MPN– pseudo DUB proteins KIAA0157 or Abraxas (Cooper et al., 2009, Dong et

• Introduction The number of patients

  2019-07-15

  

  Introduction The number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing globally, and has become a serious public health problem. Type 2 diabetic patients exhibit a higher risk of bone fracture [1]. In addition, clinical studies have indicated that increased fracture risk is associated with long-ter

• br Authors contributions br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2019-07-15

  

  Authors’ contributions Acknowledgements Introduction Retinoic α-mangostin is a key signalling molecule in healthy development and in differentiation of stem cells, albeit uncontrolled levels of retinoic acid can lead to mutagenesis [1]. In eukaryotes retinoic acid is made by oxidation of al

• We used two different VSMCs cell lines KSB and CSD

  2019-07-15

  

  We used two different VSMCs cell lines, KSB and CSD (isolated from two different thoracic aortas). Rat aortic VSMCs were isolated from medial segments from thoracic rate Latrunculin B where from Wistar-Kyoto rats (six to eight weeks old, Charles River Wiga GmbH) and cultured over several passages a

• br Acknowledgement This research was supported

  2019-07-15

  

  Acknowledgement This research was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2013R1A1A2011238) funded to Young-Mi Lee. Introduction Stroke is considered a serious disease with high morbidity and high mortality. More than 6 million deaths are reported each year wo

• br Involvement of p MAPK pathway The NF

  2019-07-15

  

  Involvement of p38 MAPK pathway The NF-κB signal transduction cascade is a major stress response signaling pathway for the COX-2 gene expression. In mice and humans, the COX-2 promoter has brain metabolism for many transcription factors, including NF-κB in the 5′ region of the COX-2 gene [11], an

• AT7867 Overall we found that all hormone treatment

  2019-07-15

  

  Overall, we found that all hormone treatment groups were able to learn spatial working and reference memory tasks, as shown by their performance across days on the WRAM (days 2–12, collapsed across the 4 trials) and the MWM (days 1–5, collapsed across the 4 trials). During the acquisition phase of t

• Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as a

  2019-07-15

  

  Initial investigations in the heart uncovered Epac as a positive regulator of myocyte hypertrophy [8], [9]. Concomitantly, Epac has been shown to regulate cardiac Ca homeostasis [8], [10], [11], [12], [13]. Ca is an essential second messenger in the cardiac physiology because its rhythmic variations

• Several molecular differences between visceral and subcutane

  2019-07-15

  

  Several molecular differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue have been described. One of the most demarcating differences between adipose depots is the signature of developmental genes, including Hox, Shox, and T-box genes [12], [13]. Lineage tracing studies have revealed key devel

• br Author Contributions Statement br

  2019-07-15

  

  Author Contributions Statement Conflicts of interest Acknowledgments We thank T. Ishii, H. Inaba, and S. Nakamura (Department of Cell Biology, TMDU) for kindly gifting BACCS and technical assistance; S. Kaneko, Y. Ishida, and R. Usumi (Department of Orthodontic Science, TMDU) for experiment

• carry on Introduction Enzymes have higher selectivity specif

  2019-07-13

  

  Introduction Enzymes have higher selectivity, specificity and efficiency than chemical catalysts. Due to their properties and their green chemistry, biocatalysts are widely used in food, textile and pharmaceutical industry [1], [2]. A high efficient biocatalyst for industrial applications must be s

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